Posted on Wed, Oct. 06, 2004
Outside Baghdad, lawlessness haunts a small Iraqi town
BY RICK JERVIS
Chicago Tribune
LATIFIYAH, Iraq - (KRT) - There is no traffic in Latifiyah.
No cars, chickens, pigs, people or roadside cigarette stands - a staple in most Iraqi towns. Shops are shuttered, homes are closed and quiet, and, most disturbing to at least one Marine charged with patrolling this rural town 20 miles south of Baghdad, there are no signs of children.
"They play inside," said Sgt. Yousif Almoosawi, a platoon sergeant with the 2nd Battalion, 24th Marine Regiment, as he pointed his M-16 assault rifle down another empty alley. "Not a good sign."
Away from the spotlight of insurgent uprisings in Fallujah, Ramadi and Baghdad, Latifiyah has quietly become a lawless, lethal thorn in the side of U.S. troops here. Local police have fled or been killed, leaving the town in the hands of Islamic insurgents, kidnappers and common thugs, military officials said. To stress that point, insurgents blew up the police station two weeks ago.
The streets around Latifiyah have become so laced with roadside bombs - known in military parlance as improvised explosive devices, or IEDs - that military officials here call it the "IED capital of Iraq."
Two French journalists were kidnapped last month from the highway that cuts through Latifiyah. Earlier this month, gunmen ambushed a convoy carrying Ahmad Chalabi, leader of the Iraqi National Congress, on the highway outside Latifiyah, killing two of his bodyguards. Chalabi survived.
The struggle to return order to towns like Latifiyah highlights the challenges faced by coalition forces to secure Iraq before general elections in January, an effort that stretches beyond the big-name cities and into towns and enclaves all over the country.
Without such stability, Washington and Baghdad must decide whether elections can be held in all parts of the country and whether they would be considered legitimate if all Iraqis don't participate. The U.S. also must decide how many casualties - military and civilian - it would be willing to accept to pacify more remote areas of the country.
"Right now, Latifiyah is more dangerous than Fallujah," said Sgt. Devon Hawkins, another platoon sergeant with the 2nd Battalion, 24th Marines. "Every day we have an IED. Everyday someone who is seen working with Americans gets killed here. It's complete lawlessness."
Since the U.S. military closed nearby Highway 1, Highway 8 has become the main thoroughfare between Baghdad and the southern cities of Najaf, Nasiriyah and Basra. The Iraqi National Guard has permanent stations in Mahmoudiya and Iskandariyah. But in between, towns on Highway 8 like Latifiyah have been overrun by insurgents, military officials said.
Their weapon of choice: IEDs. The homemade devices incorporate 81 mm mortar shells, 130 mm or 155 mm artillery rounds or 100-pound aerial bombs, many times daisy-chained together and wired to a stand by the side of the road, where a triggerman waits for passing convoys, officials said.
One recent Saturday night, a Marine Mobile Strike Team discovered an IED made of 15 130 mm artillery shells daisy-chained by the side of Highway 8, officials said.
Later that night, a six-vehicle convoy was returning from a mission in central Latifiyah when an IED exploded under one of the armored Humvees. The bomb disintegrated the Humvee's front end. Its transmission and engine parts rained down on the vehicles behind it, and the grenade launcher mounted on its roof was found in a field 30 feet away, according to a witness.
Officials blamed insurgents who they described as Baath Party loyalists and an assortment of common criminals.
All five passengers survived, saved by the Humvee's armor. With two weeks in Iraq, three members from the 2nd Battalion, 24th Marines have been recommended for Purple Hearts.
Sgt. Eliasard Alcauter, a vehicle commander, was in the back seat.
"I saw a bright flash but didn't even hear the bang," said Alcauter, who suffered a mild back sprain. "Next thing I know, it was like I was riding a rodeo horse. The vehicle was bouncing up and down. It was crazy."
The insurgents probably are using weapons and ammunition looted from the nearby Qa-Qaa complex, a 3-mile by 3-mile weapons-storage facility about 25 miles southwest of Baghdad, said Maj. Brian Neil, operations officer for the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, which initially patrolled the area.
The facility was bombed during last year's invasion and then left unguarded, Neil said. "There's definitely no shortage of weapons around here," he said.
The task to secure Latifiyah had belonged to the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Marines, which went after insurgents with large offensives and tactical cordon-and-search missions. Earlier this month that responsibility was handed to the 2nd Battalion, 24th Marines, a unit with headquarters in Chicago comprising mainly reservists from Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa (slogan: "Mayhem from the Heartland").
The battalion of Chicago police officers, Milwaukee students, mortgage brokers, defense lawyers, sales representatives, nurses and engineers - totaling more than 1,000 - could be useful as U.S.-led coalition forces continue their shift from a military role to security and reconstruction duties, military officials said.
"Marines are trained for full combat," said Lt. Col. Mark Smith, the battalion's top commander. "Police officers, by nature, are trained (to understand) that the level of violence inflicted on people is reflective of the action of the people. That could be a useful skill here."
But the handover of a hostile area to a new battalion, made up of many inexperienced combatants, has its growing pains.
On Sept. 27, three platoons took off from the base in Mahmoudiya with a predawn mission to sweep through Latifiyah on foot patrols. But on the way there, a Humvee ran off the road and into a ditch, a 7-ton truck nose-dived into a canal and another Humvee lost a tire, said Capt. Tom Wotka, the daytime battle captain. As four injured Marines were evacuated, insurgents lobbed mortars at the truck accident site, Wotka said. No one else was seriously injured, he said.
"Operating as a battalion is something we haven't done much of," Wotka said. "The tactics of this are really simple. It's the actions that make this complex."
The day before, the battalion's Fox Company launched a mission to look for IEDs along Highway 8. The Marines motored down Highway 8, passing the charred carcasses of more than 20 vehicles destroyed by IEDS - including an Opel car, a Mercedes-Benz minivan and an 18-wheel truck - on a 2-mile stretch through Latifiyah named "IED Highway" by Marines.
The convoy of vehicles stopped, 100 yards apart, diverting midday traffic to a dirt side road. Marines jumped out and began searching the sides of the highway for discolored mounds of dirt, ill-placed boxes or other signs of roadside bombs.
After an hour without finding any bombs, they were radioed instructions to find a spare M-16 barrel lost by another unit in a residential section of southern Latifiyah. On their way there, trying to alternate their routes to confuse the enemy, the convoy sped on dirt roads along canals on the outskirts of the town - and got lost. Then a Humvee got stuck in a ditch and needed help getting out.
When they arrived, the Marines created a defense cordon around the southern stretch of town while a team of three Marines, led by Capt. Joel Northey, a platoon commander, walked through Latifiyah's desolate streets, kicking through trash piles, peering down alleys and asking the rare resident on the street, through a translator, whether they had seen any military equipment. They hadn't.
The Marines, with their M-16s ready, moved slowly and deliberately, securing corners before crossing streets, scanning rooftops and peering over the fences of homes.
The spare barrel was never found. But the stroll through town had another mission, Northey said. Marines from the previous unit often had been shot at by snipers in the same section of town.
"This is a way to show them they're not going to chase us out with sporadic gunfire," Northey said. "We're here to stay."
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© 2004, Chicago Tribune.