Ok, if you add the forces together, it will make more force on the piston/connecting rod. BUT does that necessarily make for more stress on it? I don't know.
I do know. It DOES add more stress. Stress is force, force is stress. It is just an amount of energy applied against something to cause it to stop moving, start moving, or otherwise change direction.
The sudden change of direction might make a difference and put more actual stress on it. But yes, you're right that the total combined stress of the combustion plus changing direction would cause more force.
BUT now what if the engine is made to fire at 1 or more degrees after top dead center (I imagine turbo engines do this often when they retard timing one degree per pound of boost?)
Very rarely, IF EVER, will you encounter an engine that will not fire before TDC. When referring to retarding timing they are retarding it against the advanced timing they were already running. So if a car in stock form starts out as having 16 degree's of total advanced timing in it then you decide to add a shot of nitrous or forced induction and retard the timing 3 degree's then the total advanced timing would be 13 degree's advance. Also, timing advance and retardation don’t directly correlate to the size of the shot of nitrous, or lbs of boost your running. Say for instance your running a 75 shot of nitrous on a stock vehicle without higher-octane gas, and then you would probably want to retard timing by 1 degree or so. If you used race gas then you probably wont drop any timing, and if the octane were high enough and you were tuned for it, you might even advance it some. Turbo's will be the same in principal. Some things designed to let you run more boost while keeping timing is an intercooler and also race gas to name a few. The cooler the air charge going into the intake the more timing advance you can keep and the more power your going to make, because A. the air is more dense, and B. the timing is advanced further than it would be if you were running a non-intercooled setup. IF a person were to go by the rule of thumb you stated of one lb boost = 1 degree of retard then that would be one underpowered setup! That is a HUGE amount of timing retardation to boost ratio! Sorry but whomever told you that figure either didnt know their stuff at all, or had a VERY VERY VERY EXTREMELY inefficient setup and then wanted to be overly cautious on top of that! There is no set rule of thumb for this amount of boost = this amount of timing retard. It all comes down to what your setup is.